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Laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) has many industrial applications. Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy, a variant of cavity-enhanced LAS, can be even more effective.

Abstract
Real-time industrial process control and more stringent limitations on industrial emissions require new robust, economical analytical instruments that are more accurate, precise, rapid, and selective than conventional sensors. Recent advances in cavity-enhanced laser absorption spectrometry have resulted in instrumentation that meets these needs and is poised for widespread entry into industrial markets. These analyzers provide fast (> 1 Hz), sensitive (ppb-level detection) and accurate readings in complex gas mixtures with minimal calibration or drift. This article describes the principles and relative merits of this technology and its utilization in a wide array of industrial applications including olefin manufacturing, compliance monitoring, steel manufacturing, syngas production, energy exploration, and mining. Future extensions of these techniques that exploit new developments in laser technology are also presented.

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